First, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then
the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on
some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This
whole process is called booting up.
The next step happens when you choose a program you want to
use. You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Let's use
the example of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready
for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands
for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you've saved already. In
either case, the computer now knows what you want it to do. The browser software
then goes out to find that address, starting up other hardware devices, such as
a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the
browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page
over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site
you were looking for.
diagram of computer downloading information
If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the
printer icon. Again, you have provided input to tell the computer what to do.
The browser software determines whether you have a printer attached to your
computer, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the
printer, then send the information about the web page from your computer over
the cable to the printer, where it is printed out.
A microprocessor is a small electronic device that can carry out complex calculations in the blink of an eye. You can find microprocessors in many devices you use each day, such as cars, refrigerators and televisions. The most recognized device with a microprocessor is the personal computer, or PC. In fact, the concept of a computer has become nearly synonymous with the term PC.
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